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How many functions from a (4)-element set to a (5)-element set are not one-one?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (505)

A function from a 4-element set to a 5-element set assigns one target element to each of the four source elements. For each source element there are 5 choices, and the choices are independent, so the total number of functions is \(5^4\). A one-one function uses different target elements for different source elements; its count is the permutation number \({}^{5}P_4\). Subtracting gives the functions that are not one-one.

Calculate the total: \(5^4=625\). Calculate the injective functions: \({}^{5}P_4=5\times4\times3\times2=120\). Hence the number that are not one-one is \(625-120=505\). Therefore option B is correct. The result is not found by subtracting only one or two arrangements; every non-injective function is included in the difference between all functions and one-one functions.

Related tags

FunctionsOne-OneComplement

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