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On a shelf, 5 distinct mathematics books and 4 distinct physics books are to be arranged. The first and last books must be from different subjects. How many arrangements are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 201600

Treat the first and last positions first, then arrange the remaining seven distinct books. If the first book is mathematics and the last is physics, there are 5×4 choices. If the first is physics and the last is mathematics, there are 4×5 choices. Thus the two endpoint cases contribute 5×4 + 4×5 = 40 choices. After fixing those endpoints, the remaining seven books can be arranged in 7! ways. Therefore the total is 40×7! = 40×5040 = 201,600. Option A is correct. The original value 460,800 overcounts the arrangements; simply arranging all nine books does not enforce the different-subject endpoint condition.

Related tags

PermutationsEndpoint RestrictionFundamental Principle Of CountingFundamental Principle Of CountingPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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