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A four-letter code is formed from (P,Q,R,S,T). Repetition is not allowed and (P) and (Q) must not be adjacent. How many codes are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 84

Without the adjacency restriction, the number of four-letter codes is \(^{5}P_{4}=5\times4\times3\times2=120\). Now subtract the codes in which P and Q are adjacent. Treat P and Q as one block. The other two letters can be selected from the remaining three letters in 3 ways. For each selection, the three units can be arranged in \(3!\) ways, and the block can be PQ or QP in 2 ways. Thus, the forbidden codes are \(3\times3!\times2=36\). Hence, the required number is \(120-36=84\). The value 72 can result from incorrectly counting arrangements of all five letters instead of four-letter codes. Exam tip: for a “not adjacent” condition, use total arrangements minus the forbidden adjacent arrangements.

Related tags

PermutationsCounting PrincipleAdjacent LettersCode FormationRestricted ArrangementsFundamental Principle Of CountingPermutations And CombinationsMathematics

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