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In a team there are (4) students for president and (4) students for secretary. The same student cannot take both posts. How many appointments are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (12) appointments

The direct answer is B: 12 appointments. The posts are different, so the order matters. First choose the president in 4 ways. Once that student is selected, the same student cannot be secretary, leaving 3 choices for secretary. Therefore the total is \(4\times3=12\). Option A, 8, merely adds the two groups and does not form ordered president-secretary assignments. Option B is correct. Option C, 16, multiplies \(4\times4\) but wrongly permits the same student to hold both posts. Option D, 20, has no valid counting basis. For example, president 1 can be paired with three different secretaries, and the same count applies to each of four possible presidents. Since president and secretary are distinct roles, swapping them creates a different appointment. Memory cue: different posts mean ordered choices; remove one choice after the first person is selected.

Related tags

Permutations-Combinations Fundamental-Principle-Counting Class11Fundamental Principle Of CountingPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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