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An identity code has 3 letters and 1 digit. There are 5 choices for each letter and 8 choices for the digit. With repetition allowed, how many codes are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 1000

The governing concept is the multiplication principle applied to fixed code positions. The code has four positions: the first, second, and third letters each have 5 choices, and the final digit has 8 choices. Because repetition is allowed, each letter position independently retains all 5 choices. Hence the number of codes is 5 × 5 × 5 × 8 = 5³ × 8 = 125 × 8 = 1000. Option D is correct. The value 125 counts only the three-letter portion and omits the digit. The value 40 might arise from multiplying only two categories, but it does not account for the three separate letter positions. The value 625 uses four positions with five choices and ignores that the final position has eight choices. Independence and repetition make multiplication valid for every position.

Related tags

Permutations And CombinationsFundamental Counting PrincipleCodesRepetition AllowedFundamental Principle Of CountingMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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