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How many (2)-digit passcodes can be formed from digits (1) to (9) with repetition allowed?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (81)

The direct answer is option B, 81. A two-digit passcode has two positions: the first position and the second position. Digits 1 through 9 give 9 choices for the first position. Repetition is allowed, so after choosing the first digit, all 9 choices are still available for the second position. By the fundamental principle of counting, multiply the independent choices: 9×9=81. Therefore, 81 two-digit passcodes can be formed. Option A, 18, is wrong because it adds the choices instead of multiplying them, and it does not represent two successive positions. Option B, 81, is correct. Option C, 72, would be 9×8, which would apply if repetition were not allowed; that is not the condition here. Option D, 90, does not follow from the available choices and is too large. Notice that this is a passcode, not necessarily a two-digit number selected without a leading-zero issue; in any case, the allowed digits are 1 to 9, so each position has exactly 9 choices. Examples include 11, 12, 19, 91, and 99, all allowed because repetition is permitted. Memory cue: “and” or successive slots usually means multiply; “repetition allowed” means the number of choices stays the same in each slot.

Related tags

Permutations And CombinationsCounting PrincipleCodes

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