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A student has 4 shirts and 3 trousers. In how many ways can he choose one shirt and one trouser?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 12

The governing concept is the multiplication principle of counting. The student makes two successive choices: one shirt and one trouser. For each of the 4 shirt choices, any of the 3 trouser choices can be paired with it. Hence the total number of complete outfits is 4 × 3 = 12. Option C is correct. Adding 4 and 3 gives 7, but addition is used for alternatives such as choosing a shirt or a trouser, not for making both choices together. The value 9 has no counting basis here, and 16 would incorrectly pair four choices with four choices rather than three. Since the question uses “and” and asks for a combined selection, multiplication is the appropriate rule.

Related tags

Permutations And CombinationsFundamental Counting PrincipleMultiplication RuleFundamental Principle Of CountingMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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