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What is the smallest positive integer n for which n! is divisible by 2^9 × 3^3 × 5^2?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 12

The governing concept is the prime-exponent method for factorials, also called Legendre’s formula. We need v₂(n!) ≥ 9, v₃(n!) ≥ 3, and v₅(n!) ≥ 2. For 11!, v₂(11!) = ⌊11/2⌋ + ⌊11/4⌋ + ⌊11/8⌋ = 5 + 2 + 1 = 8, so the required power 2^9 is still missing. Also, v₃(11!) = 3 + 1 = 4 and v₅(11!) = 2, so those conditions are already met. On multiplying by 12, the factor 12 contributes two more powers of 2, giving v₂(12!) = 10. Thus 12! satisfies every condition, while 11! does not. Therefore option D, 12, is correct; 9, 10, and 11 fail the power-of-2 requirement.

Related tags

Factorial NotationPrime FactorisationLegendre FormulaPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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