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How many non-negative integer solutions does (x_{1}+x_{2}+x_{3}+x_{4}=13) have if each (x_i\leq5)?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (104)

Without the upper restrictions, the number of non-negative solutions of \(x_1+x_2+x_3+x_4=13\) is found by stars and bars: \(\binom{13+4-1}{4-1}=\binom{16}{3}=560\). We must remove solutions in which at least one variable is 6 or more. If a particular variable is at least 6, subtract 6 from it; the remaining sum is 7, giving \(\binom{10}{3}=120\) solutions for each variable.

There are four such single-variable cases, so subtract \(4\times120=480\). Two variables can both be at least 6 only when the remaining sum is 1, giving \(\binom{4}{3}=4\) solutions for each of the \(\binom{4}{2}=6\) pairs, or 24 total. Three variables cannot reach 6 because their minimum sum would be 18. Thus \(560-480+24=104\), so option B is correct.

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Bounded-SolutionsInclusion-ExclusionExpert

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