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A set of (9) elements has (3) special elements. How many (5)-element subsets contain exactly (2) special elements?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (60)

The direct answer is option C, 60. There are 3 special elements and therefore \(9-3=6\) ordinary elements. To form a 5-element subset containing exactly 2 special elements, choose 2 of the 3 special elements and then choose the remaining 3 elements from the 6 ordinary elements: \(\binom{3}{2}\binom{6}{3}=3\times20=60\). Option A, 45, is not this product. Option B, 54, also does not count the required choices. Option C is correct because it enforces exactly 2 special elements. Option D, 72, overcounts. Choosing 3 special elements would violate “exactly 2,” while choosing fewer than 2 would not meet the condition. Memory cue: separate the required categories, choose within each, then multiply.

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Class11CombinationsExactlySubsetsExpert

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