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From (12) students (5) students are to be selected. At least (1) of (4) special students must be included. How many ways are there?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (736)

The direct answer is option A, 736. We need five students from twelve, and at least one of four special students must be included. “At least one” is easiest to count by complement: count all teams, then subtract teams containing no special student. Total teams are C5 = 12!/(5!7!) = 792. If no special student is chosen, all five students must come from the remaining 8 ordinary students, giving C5 = 56. Therefore valid teams = 792 − 56 = 736. Option A, 736, is correct. Option B, 760, results from an incorrect subtraction or combination value. Option C, 770, does not remove all teams with no special student. Option D, 792, is merely the unrestricted total and includes invalid teams. Notice that “at least one” includes teams with one, two, three, or four special students, so adding separate cases is possible but less convenient. Memory cue: for “at least one,” use total minus zero.

Related tags

CombinationsClass11Medium

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