Nature of early urban societies

Correct answer: A. It was mainly a Bronze Age civilization

The Indus Civilization is generally classified as a Bronze Age civilization because copper and bronze objects are well attested, whereas widespread iron technology belongs mainly to later periods in the subcontinent. This does not mean Harappans knew no metals; rather, iron was not their dominant technological material.

Correct answer: A. Economic and social activities

Chola temples received land and other donations, employed specialists, supported festivals and craft production, stored resources, and interacted with local assemblies and communities. In this way they could function as important social, economic, cultural, and sometimes administrative institutions in addition to being places of worship. Their activities were not connected with deciphering the Indus script, Mauryan espionage, or prehistoric cave hunting.

Correct answer: A. Second urbanization

Northern Black Polished Ware, or NBPW, is a fine, glossy pottery found at many sites associated with the rise of towns, expanding exchange, and state formation in the middle Ganga valley and other regions, especially around the Mahajanapada period. It is an archaeological indicator linked with the phase often called the second urbanisation. It is not evidence of printing, railways, or a specific first naval war.