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Geography

Weathering: physical, chemical, and biological

In Class 11 Geography, this topic from the chapter “Geomorphic Processes” explains weathering as the breakdown and alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface without transporting the material. Students learn how physical weathering acts through temperature changes, pressure release, and frost; how chemical weathering involves processes such as solution, carbonation, oxidation, hydration, and hydrolysis; and how plants, animals, and microorganisms drive biological weathering. The topic also connects climate, rock type, relief, and time with soil formation and landscape development.

Medium · Level 3 · 25 questions

TOPIC PRACTICE

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25 questions

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  1. Crystals exert pressure on crack walls
  2. Crystals melt the rock
  3. Crystals always cement the soil
  4. Crystals remove gravity
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  1. Extremely dry and cold climate
  2. Warm and humid climate
  3. Waterless area
  4. Permanently frozen ground
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  1. Pure oxygen
  2. Dry dust
  3. Carbon dioxide rich water
  4. Frozen ice
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  1. They become vapour completely
  2. They form salt crystals
  3. They break directly by heat
  4. They may form rust-like reddish brown compounds
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  1. Water participates in changing mineral composition
  2. Water only lifts the rock
  3. Water breaks rock without contact
  4. Water always makes temperature zero
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  1. Granite
  2. Rock salt
  3. Basalt
  4. Quartzite
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  1. They instantly vaporise rock
  2. They make rock magnetic
  3. They grow in cracks and widen them
  4. They remove water from soil
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  1. They turn rocks into gold
  2. They stop all chemical reactions
  3. They only heat the air
  4. They loosen and mix soil and rock material
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  1. It forms new clay minerals and dissolved materials
  2. It turns all soil into hard rock
  3. It removes water completely
  4. It always stops plant growth
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  1. Corners have greater exposed surface effect and reaction
  2. Corners always remove water
  3. The middle always dissolves first
  4. There is no gravity at corners
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  1. Carbonation and root pressure
  2. Frost action and freezing of water
  3. Oxidation and salt crystals
  4. Biological weathering and melting of rock
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  1. By decreasing rock surface area
  2. By stopping all water
  3. By making smaller pieces and increasing surface area
  4. By making minerals invisible
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  1. Because only glaciers occur there
  2. Because rainfall is always very high there
  3. Because only limestone is found there
  4. Because diurnal temperature range can be high
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  1. Carbonation and solution action
  2. Thermal expansion only
  3. Root pressure only
  4. Salt crystallisation only
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  1. They reduce entry of water and air and stop weathering
  2. They allow more water and air entry and speed up weathering
  3. They always make rock new
  4. They only change colour
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  1. No sunlight reaches there
  2. All minerals dissolve there
  3. The surface remains directly exposed to heat and rain
  4. There is no gravity on a slope
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  1. They may absorb water and expand
  2. They produce sunlight
  3. They always become gas
  4. They turn rock into metal
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  1. It only colours rocks
  2. It always melts rocks
  3. It helps in both solution and chemical reactions
  4. It stops all biological activity
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  1. All minerals weather at the same rate
  2. Mineral composition has no effect
  3. Only colour decides weathering
  4. Some minerals weather faster than others
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  1. Organisms can produce organic acids and cause chemical changes
  2. Organisms never contact rocks
  3. Organisms only cool the air
  4. Organisms always stop weathering
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  1. Sea salts are always high there
  2. Temperature can fluctuate around freezing point there
  3. There are no cracks there
  4. Water is never available there
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  1. Humid forest where salts do not reach
  2. Permanent ice sheet area
  3. High evaporation with dissolved salts available
  4. Deep ocean floor
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  1. Weathering only destroys soil completely
  2. Weathering has no role in soil formation
  3. Soil forms only by wind
  4. Weathering helps change rocks into parent material
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  1. Any rock where weathering agents can enter inside
  2. Only glass
  3. Only cloud
  4. Only molten lava
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  1. Physical changes minerals and chemical changes only size
  2. Breakdown dominates in physical and mineral change dominates in chemical
  3. Both occur only by organisms
  4. Both occur only in oceans

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