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Geography

Weathering: physical, chemical, and biological

In Class 11 Geography, this topic from the chapter “Geomorphic Processes” explains weathering as the breakdown and alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface without transporting the material. Students learn how physical weathering acts through temperature changes, pressure release, and frost; how chemical weathering involves processes such as solution, carbonation, oxidation, hydration, and hydrolysis; and how plants, animals, and microorganisms drive biological weathering. The topic also connects climate, rock type, relief, and time with soil formation and landscape development.

Hard · Level 5 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01If a dry region has a very large day and night temperature range, which weathering process is most likely to intensify in rocks?

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02Cave development in limestone regions is most closely related to which type of chemical weathering?

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03Which reason best explains spheroidal weathering in granite?

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04Widening of rock cracks by tree roots is an example of which weathering?

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05If a rock is rich in iron minerals and the environment is humid, which chemical process will dominate?

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06Which statement best describes the relationship between physical and chemical weathering?

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07In cold mountainous regions, when is frost action most effective?

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08Why is chemical weathering more intense in humid tropical regions?

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09Under which condition is rock breakage by salt crystallization most active?

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10Why is weathering considered a link between the lithosphere and soil formation?

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11What plays the main chemical role in hydrolysis?

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12What is the major contribution of lichens in biological weathering?

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13What is the most accurate difference between weathering and erosion?

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14How do joints and cracks in rocks affect the rate of weathering?

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15How does a mineral with low chemical stability behave under weathering?

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16Why do biological and chemical weathering increase together in areas with high rainfall and dense vegetation?

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17The weathered material remaining over the parent rock is most closely associated with which term?

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18Exfoliation or sheet peeling is more closely associated with which physical weathering process?

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19In which condition is physical weathering more likely to dominate over chemical weathering?

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20Why is solution important in carbonate rocks such as dolomite and limestone?

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21How can mining and road cutting by humans affect weathering?

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22If a rock has few cracks and highly resistant minerals, what will be the effect on weathering rate?

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23What is the most likely effect of absence of water on chemical weathering?

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24What is the broadest importance of weathering over geological time?

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25If basalt contains abundant iron and magnesium minerals, which statement is appropriate in a humid environment?

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