Differing Strands within the Movement

Step 1: Industrial workers were concerned with wages and working conditions. Step 2: National leadership did not always place all labour issues at the centre. Step 3: Understand their limited participation through class interests.

Step 1: Urban workers worked in factories. Step 2: Their concerns related to wages working hours and conditions. Step 3: Connect worker issues with labour rights.

Step 1: Peasants workers merchants and tribals had different problems. Step 2: So their expectations from swaraj were also different. Step 3: This topic is important for understanding diverse participation.

Step 1: Peasants and rural communities joined the movement. Step 2: This shows nationalism spread beyond cities. Step 3: Treat rural participation as a sign of the movement's wider reach.

Step 1: Depressed classes wanted not only political freedom but also social dignity. Step 2: Equality and freedom from discrimination were very important for them. Step 3: Include the social side of freedom in answers.

Step 1: Ambedkar raised demands for rights and representation of depressed classes. Step 2: He wanted weaker sections to have a political voice. Step 3: Link Ambedkar with social justice and representation.

Step 1: The Poona Pact was linked with representation of depressed classes. Step 2: It provided a way for political participation through reserved seats. Step 3: Remember it as the political side of social justice.

Step 1: Depressed classes faced discrimination and humiliation in society. Step 2: So they wanted social equality along with political freedom. Step 3: Understand this group through the demand for social justice.

Step 1: Women came out of homes and joined the movement. Step 2: They took part in processions picketing and protest against foreign goods. Step 3: Link women's participation with the widening of mass politics.

Step 1: With women joining the movement a larger section of society became involved. Step 2: This made the national movement more mass-based. Step 3: Treat women's participation as a sign of wider popular support.

Step 1: Women took part in picketing during the movement. Step 2: Protest against foreign cloth and liquor shops strengthened the movement. Step 3: Link boycott and picketing with women's participation.

Step 1: Women were active in the movement. Step 2: Still change toward equal leadership and rights was slow. Step 3: Write both participation and limitations in a balanced way.

Step 1: The joining of Khilafat and Non-Cooperation brought different communities together. Step 2: It gave the movement wider support. Step 3: Remember it as an effort to build national unity.

Step 1: Political unity weakened after Non-Cooperation. Step 2: Communal politics and mistrust increased tension. Step 3: Understand communal tension as one limitation of the national movement.

Step 1: The Muslim League focused on political representation and safeguards for the community. Step 2: This concern was linked with trust and place in national politics. Step 3: Link communal politics with the question of representation.

Step 1: The national movement needed broad unity to succeed. Step 2: Communal tension created separation and mistrust. Step 3: Explain the relation between unity and tension in simple terms.

Step 1: Peasants workers merchants women and other groups joined the national movement. Step 2: Each group had its own problems and hopes. Step 3: Different strands show the diversity of the movement.

Step 1: Peasant issues were linked with rent and exploitation. Step 2: Business concerns were linked with markets and foreign competition. Step 3: When comparing groups look at their economic interests.

Step 1: Tribals wanted rights over forests. Step 2: Plantation workers wanted freedom of movement. Step 3: For both freedom meant control over everyday life.

Step 1: When many groups joined the movement its base expanded. Step 2: Peasants workers women merchants and others became involved. Step 3: Understand a mass movement through wide participation.

Step 1: The movement grew as many groups joined. Step 2: But different demands created a challenge of balance for leadership. Step 3: Understand both unity and diversity in mass politics.

Step 1: Different social groups have different experiences. Step 2: So their reasons for joining the movement could also differ. Step 3: In answers connect one group with one demand clearly.

Step 1: Awadh peasants saw swaraj as relief from rent and exploitation. Step 2: This was directly linked with the everyday life of the poor. Step 3: Do not see swaraj only as political change but also as social and economic relief.

Step 1: Tribal society met many needs from forests. Step 2: Forest laws controlled access grazing and use. Step 3: Treat forest laws as a major cause of tribal discontent.

Step 1: Plantation workers were tied to their workplaces. Step 2: Their movement was restricted and life was controlled by employers. Step 3: Treat this as a simple example of labour exploitation.