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Subjects

Science

Soaps and detergents

साबुन और अपमार्जक

In this Class 10 Science topic from the chapter Carbon and its Compounds, students learn how soaps and detergents remove dirt and oil. They explore the structure of soap as sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids, and understand how the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of their molecules form micelles in water. The topic also explains saponification, the difference between soaps and synthetic detergents, and why soaps are less effective in hard water because they form scum with calcium and magnesium ions.

Practice questions

What is the insoluble substance formed when soap is used in hard water called?EasyLevel 2What is formed when an ester reacts with a base in saponification?MediumLevel 15How can a soap molecule interact with both oil and water?MediumLevel 15Why does soap produce less foam in hard water?MediumLevel 15Why do detergents work better than soap in hard water?MediumLevel 15Soap is formed by which process?EasyLevel 1Soap forms less lather in which type of water?EasyLevel 1