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The sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic progression is S_n = n(4n − 1). What is the 20th term?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 155

Answer: B, 155. The sum S_n is cumulative, not the nth term itself. Since S_n = a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_n and S_{n−1} = a_1 + ... + a_{n−1}, subtracting gives a_n = S_n − S_{n−1}. Calculate S_20 = 20(4×20 − 1) = 20(80 − 1) = 20×79 = 1580. Calculate S_19 = 19(4×19 − 1) = 19(76 − 1) = 19×75 = 1425. Therefore a_20 = 1580 − 1425 = 155. Hence option B is correct. Option A, C, and D do not result from the correct difference of consecutive partial sums. A frequent mistake is to call S_20, which equals 1580, the 20th term; it is actually the total of the first twenty terms. Memory cue: a term is the “new amount” added when moving from S_{n−1} to S_n.

Related tags

Arithmetic ProgressionPartial SumsNth TermSequence CalculationFinding The Sum Of The First $N$ Terms Of An ApFinding The Sum Of The First N Terms Of An ApArithmetic Progressions (Ap)Arithmetic Progressions Ap

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