World Wars

The First World War was also called the Great War. For exams remember its wide global impact.

Austria-Hungary was part of the Central Powers. For exams remember Germany and Austria-Hungary together.

Russia was initially on the Allied side. For exams remember Britain France and Russia in one group.

The Black Hand was a Serbian nationalist group linked with the assassination. For exams connect it with the immediate background of the First World War.

The Balkans had strong nationalist tensions. For exams place the Balkan crisis in the background of the First World War.

Poison gas was used in the First World War. For exams connect it with the horrors of modern warfare.

The governing historical concept is trench warfare on the Western Front during the First World War. Soldiers lived for long periods in narrow defensive ditches exposed to rain, mud, cold, rats, poor sanitation, disease, shelling and sniper fire. Even when the line did not move, the danger remained constant and daily life was physically exhausting. Option C accurately combines the environmental and military hardships. Palaces and holidays were the opposite of trench conditions, while the trenches were not a very safe form of life despite providing some defensive cover. Therefore option C is the only historically realistic answer.

Zeppelins were large airships used in reconnaissance and bombing. For exams connect them with early air warfare.

After the Treaty of Versailles Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France. For exams connect territorial changes with treaty outcomes.

Heavy war reparations were imposed on Germany. For exams connect reparations with German resentment.

The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919. For exams connect it with the peace settlement after the First World War.

The League of Nations lacked strong power to enforce decisions. For exams connect its failure with the background of the Second World War.

Germany remilitarized the Rhineland and challenged the Versailles order. For exams connect it with Hitler's expansion policy.

Anschluss means the 1938 union of Austria with Germany. For exams connect it with German expansionism.

Sudetenland was a region of Czechoslovakia claimed by Germany. For exams connect it with the Munich Agreement.

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was signed in 1939. For exams remember it as an event before the invasion of Poland.

Germany occupied France in 1940. For exams connect it with Germany's early rapid victories.

The Vichy government was a collaborationist regime in France after German occupation. For exams connect it with France in the Second World War.

Charles de Gaulle was the main leader of the Free French movement. For exams connect him with resistance to Nazi occupation.

Air raid shelters were made for civilian protection. For exams remember the impact of war on ordinary people too.