Medieval Indian History

Jizya was a tax imposed on non-Muslims. For exams, study religious taxes in administrative context.

Timur invaded Delhi in (1398) CE. For exams, connect it with the weakening of Tughlaq power.

Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi is associated with Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi. For exams, remember it as a Sayyid period source.

Fatawa-i-Jahandari is associated with Ziauddin Barani. For exams, connect Barani with Sultanate political ideas.

Babur defeated Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar, in the Battle of Khanwa in 1527 CE. This victory was important for strengthening Mughal power in India. The First Battle of Panipat was fought against Ibrahim Lodi in 1526, not against Rana Sanga. Exam tip: Remember Babur’s sequence—Panipat (1526), Khanwa (1527), and Ghaghra (1529).

The Battle of Chausa was fought between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun. For exams, remember (1539) CE.

The Battle of Kannauj was fought in 1540 CE between Sher Shah Suri and the Mughal emperor Humayun. Humayun was defeated and had to leave India for a period. Babur was Humayun’s father, while Akbar and Jahangir ruled later. Exam tip: remember Kannauj (1540 CE) as Sher Shah Suri’s decisive victory over Humayun.

Purana Qila is associated with Humayun's Dinpanah. For exams, study it in both Humayun and Sher Shah contexts.

Sher Mandal is located in the Purana Qila complex. For exams, also remember it as a place linked with Humayun's death.

The Dahsala system was a method of assessing land revenue during Akbar’s reign, systematised by Raja Todar Mal. Revenue was fixed using the average produce and prices of the preceding ten years. It was not related to Mughal painting or maritime trade. Exam tip: Remember Dahsala as the ‘ten-year average’ revenue system associated with Todar Mal.

Many Sanskrit texts were translated into Persian in Akbar's court. For exams, connect it with cultural synthesis.

The Persian translation of the Mahabharata was called Razmnama. For exams, remember Akbar's translation projects.

Badauni was a writer of Akbar's period. For exams, remember him as a critic of Akbar's religious policies.

Jahangir promoted paintings of natural objects and animals. For exams, remember him as a ruler fond of painting.

Ustad Mansur was a painter of Jahangir's period. For exams, connect him with naturalistic painting.

The tomb of Itimad-ud-Daulah is located in Agra. For exams, connect it with Nur Jahan and Mughal marble style.

This tomb is linked with the memory of Nur Jahan's father Mirza Ghiyas Beg. For exams, match monuments with patrons.

Mughal architecture reached its peak in Shah Jahan's time. For exams, remember Taj Mahal Red Fort and Jama Masjid.

After Aurangzeb the Mughal central authority began to weaken. For exams, connect it with the rise of regional powers.

Shivaji's state was linked with the idea of Swaraj. For exams, connect Swaraj with Maratha power.