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SubjectsGeneral Knowledge
भारत रत्न
Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian honour, awarded to recognise exceptional achievement or service of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. In this Class 10 General Knowledge topic from “Awards and Honours,” students learn about the award’s origin in 1954, its purpose, eligibility, selection process, and notable recipients. The topic also helps them distinguish Bharat Ratna from other national awards and understand how it reflects significant contributions to India’s public life, culture, science, art, and national development.
TOPIC PRACTICE
Up to 25 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.
Pranab Mukherjee was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2019. He served as the 13th President of India and received the honour for his long contribution to public life. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Dr. Zakir Husain and V. V. Giri were also former Presidents, but they were not awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2019. Exam tip: Memorise award recipients together with their award years.
M. S. Swaminathan was announced as a posthumous Bharat Ratna awardee in 2024. He is closely associated with India’s Green Revolution through his major work on high-yielding crops, agricultural research, and increasing food production. C. N. R. Rao was a leading chemist, whereas Swaminathan’s work was in agricultural science. Exam tip: In the Indian context, remember M. S. Swaminathan as a key name linked with the Green Revolution.
The Bharat Ratna rules were amended in 1955 to permit posthumous awards. The year 1966 does not mark this rule change; it is associated with Lal Bahadur Shastri receiving the award posthumously. Exam tip: remember the year of a rule amendment separately from the year an individual received an award.
The Bharat Ratna award was suspended from 1977 to 1980 and was resumed in 1980. Therefore, 1980 is the correct answer. The year 1977 marks the beginning of the suspension, not its resumption. Exam tip: Remember 1954 as the year the Bharat Ratna began and 1980 as the year it resumed.
Lal Bahadur Shastri was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1966. He was India’s second Prime Minister and died in January 1966. K. Kamaraj received the Bharat Ratna in 1976, so he is not the correct answer. Exam tip: Remember Shastri with the slogan “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” and the posthumous Bharat Ratna in 1966.
Mother Teresa was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian service to the poor, sick, and destitute. Indira Gandhi received the Bharat Ratna in 1971, so she is not correct for 1980. Exam tip: Remember Mother Teresa with the Bharat Ratna year 1980.
The correct answer is Vinoba Bhave. He led the Bhoodan Movement, which appealed to landowners to donate land voluntarily for the landless. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1983. Jayaprakash Narayan was also an important social leader, but he received the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1999. Exam tip: Remember Vinoba Bhave with the Bhoodan Movement and the 1983 Bharat Ratna.
M. G. Ramachandran (MGR) was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1988. He was a popular Tamil film actor, politician, and leader of the AIADMK. K. Kamaraj is the closest distractor, but he received the Bharat Ratna in 1976. Exam tip: Remember MGR with Tamil cinema, AIADMK, and the 1988 Bharat Ratna.
Nelson Mandela was a leading figure in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa and received the Bharat Ratna in 1990. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan received the award in 1987, so he is not the correct answer. Exam tip: Remember 1990 with Mandela’s Bharat Ratna.
The correct answer is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He is known as the “Iron Man of India” for his decisive role in integrating the princely states, and he was awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1991. Morarji Desai also received the Bharat Ratna, but not in 1991. Exam tip: Associate Patel with the integration of princely states and the title “Iron Man.”
J. R. D. Tata was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1992. He was a leading industrialist of the Tata group and a pioneer of civil aviation in India; he founded Tata Airlines, which later became Air India. Amartya Sen received the Bharat Ratna in 1998. Exam tip: Remember J. R. D. Tata through the two links—industry and Indian aviation.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1997. He is called the “Missile Man” for his major contributions to India’s missile and space programmes. C. N. R. Rao received the Bharat Ratna in 2014, so he is not the correct answer. Exam tip: Remember Kalam with 1997 and “Missile Man.”
C. Subramaniam was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1998. As Union Agriculture Minister, he played a major policy role in India’s Green Revolution by supporting high-yielding crops, fertilisers and agricultural reforms. M. S. Swaminathan was a leading scientist of the Green Revolution, but he did not receive the Bharat Ratna. Exam tip: learn major award years along with the recipient’s key contribution.
Pandit Ravi Shankar was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1999. He was a world-renowned sitar maestro who played an important role in popularising Indian classical music internationally. Ustad Bismillah Khan was known for the shehnai and received the Bharat Ratna in 2001. Exam tip: Learn the award year together with each artist’s main instrument.
Bhimsen Joshi received the Bharat Ratna in 2009. He was a renowned Hindustani classical vocalist of the Kirana gharana. Lata Mangeshkar and Ustad Bismillah Khan received the award in 2001, while Pandit Ravi Shankar received it in 1999. Exam tip: Learn major Bharat Ratna awardees along with their award years.
Sachin Tendulkar became the first sportsperson to be awarded the Bharat Ratna in 2014. He is one of India’s greatest cricketers and received the honour for his exceptional contribution to sport. Major Dhyan Chand was a legendary hockey player, but he was not awarded the Bharat Ratna. Exam tip: Remember Sachin Tendulkar as the first sportsperson to receive the Bharat Ratna.
Karpoori Thakur was a prominent socialist leader and former Chief Minister of Bihar. He is chiefly remembered for his work and policies for backward classes, disadvantaged communities, and social justice. Therefore, social justice and politics is the correct option. Classical music is associated with Bharat Ratna awardees such as Ustad Bismillah Khan, not Karpoori Thakur. Exam tip: Remember Karpoori Thakur through the keywords Bihar, socialism, and reservation for backward classes.
L. K. Advani is a prominent figure in Indian politics and public life. He was a senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader and also served as the Deputy Prime Minister of India. Therefore, politics and public life is the correct answer. Classical music may be associated with other Bharat Ratna awardees, but it was not Advani’s main field. Exam tip: Identify award recipients through their principal field and major public positions.
P. V. Narasimha Rao served as the Prime Minister of India from 1991 to 1996. He was announced for the Bharat Ratna posthumously in 2024 and is closely associated with the economic liberalisation reforms of 1991. Exam tip: Remember him as Prime Minister during the 1991 economic reforms.
Chaudhary Charan Singh was a former Prime Minister of India and was chiefly known as a farmers' leader because of his strong advocacy for farmers and rural India. The Bharat Ratna was announced for him posthumously in 2024. The identity of a classical musician belongs to notable personalities from the field of music, not to Charan Singh. Exam tip: Remember Chaudhary Charan Singh as a former Prime Minister and a farmers' leader.
C. V. Raman was a renowned Indian physicist. He discovered the Raman Effect, which concerns the scattering of light, and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this work. Therefore, his field was physics, not politics. Exam tip: Connect the Raman Effect with scattering of light and physics.
Sir M. Visvesvaraya was a renowned civil engineer, planner and administrator of India. He made major contributions to irrigation, dam and water-management projects, and received the Bharat Ratna in 1955. Medicine was not his field of work. Exam tip: 15 September, his birth anniversary, is observed as Engineers' Day in India.
Satyajit Ray was one of India’s greatest film directors, screenwriters and filmmakers. Films such as ‘Pather Panchali’ brought international recognition to Indian cinema. Therefore, filmmaking is correct; agriculture, sports and the judiciary were not his fields of work. Exam tip: Learn Bharat Ratna awardees along with their main area of contribution.
Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan received the Bharat Ratna in 1954. He was a philosopher, educationist, and the second President of India. The year 1962 refers to the year he assumed the presidency, not the year of the Bharat Ratna award. Exam tip: Link Radhakrishnan with the Bharat Ratna in 1954 and Teachers' Day on 5 September.
Bharat Ratna is India’s highest civilian award. It is awarded for exceptional service or performance of the highest order in fields such as art, literature, science, and public service. Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award, so it is not correct here. Exam tip: remember the order—Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri.
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