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People who visit hospitals more frequently report poorer health. Why would it be misleading to conclude that hospital visits necessarily caused their poorer health?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Poor health may itself lead people to seek hospital care more often

The direction of causation may run from poor health to greater hospital use rather than the reverse. Researchers must consider reverse causality before interpreting an observed association.

Related tags

Reverse CausalityHealthcare UseSocial ResearchCausal Inference

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