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A survey asks households about debt, but those with the largest debts are especially likely to skip the question. Why is simply averaging the available answers risky?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The probability of a missing answer is related to the amount being measured

When missingness depends on the unreported value, the observed responses can systematically differ from the full population. The average calculated from available answers may therefore underestimate debt.

Related tags

Missing DataDebt SurveyNonrandom MissingnessStatistical Bias

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