Class 9 Science - Exploration: Entering the World of Secondary Science - Hypothesis and experimentation Hard Quiz

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एक विद्यार्थी केवल उन अवलोकनों को लिखता है जो उसकी परिकल्पना से मेल खाते हैं। यह किस प्रकार की त्रुटि है?

A student records only observations that agree with the hypothesis. What type of error is this?

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Correct Answer

C. पुष्टि पक्षपातConfirmation bias

Step 1

Concept

Selecting only hypothesis-supporting information is confirmation bias. Treat unbiased reporting of all data as correct.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. पुष्टि पक्षपात / Confirmation bias. Selecting only hypothesis-supporting information is confirmation bias. Treat unbiased reporting of all data as correct.

Step 3

Exam Tip

परिकल्पना समर्थक जानकारी चुनना पुष्टि पक्षपात है। परीक्षा में सभी आँकड़ों की निष्पक्ष रिपोर्टिंग को सही मानें।

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यदि किसी परिकल्पना से ऐसा कोई परिणाम नहीं निकलता जिसे गलत सिद्ध किया जा सके तो मुख्य वैज्ञानिक समस्या क्या है?

If a hypothesis makes no prediction that could be shown false what is the main scientific problem?

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Correct Answer

B. वह परीक्षण योग्य नहीं हैIt is not testable

Step 1

Concept

A scientific hypothesis should be open to testing by evidence. Link falsifiability with testability.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. वह परीक्षण योग्य नहीं है / It is not testable. A scientific hypothesis should be open to testing by evidence. Link falsifiability with testability.

Step 3

Exam Tip

वैज्ञानिक परिकल्पना ऐसी होनी चाहिए जिसे प्रमाण से परखा जा सके। परीक्षा में खंडनीयता को परीक्षणीयता से जोड़ें।

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एक प्रयोग का परिणाम परिकल्पना के विरुद्ध आया। कौन सा उत्तर वैज्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण के सबसे निकट है?

An experimental result contradicted the hypothesis. Which response is closest to a scientific attitude?

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Correct Answer

B. प्रयोग और परिकल्पना दोनों की निष्पक्ष पुनः जाँच करनाRecheck both the experiment and hypothesis objectively

Step 1

Concept

A contradictory result requires checking both the method and hypothesis. Treat revision according to evidence as scientific.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. प्रयोग और परिकल्पना दोनों की निष्पक्ष पुनः जाँच करना / Recheck both the experiment and hypothesis objectively. A contradictory result requires checking both the method and hypothesis. Treat revision according to evidence as scientific.

Step 3

Exam Tip

विरोधी परिणाम पर विधि और परिकल्पना दोनों की जाँच करनी चाहिए। परीक्षा में प्रमाण के अनुसार विचार बदलने को सही मानें।

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किसी परिकल्पना के समर्थन में एक परिणाम और विरोध में अनेक परिणाम हों तो वैज्ञानिक को क्या करना चाहिए?

If one result supports a hypothesis but many results contradict it what should a scientist do?

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Correct Answer

B. सभी प्रमाणों का भार देखकर परिकल्पना का पुनर्मूल्यांकन करनाRe-evaluate the hypothesis by considering the weight of all evidence

Step 1

Concept

Scientific conclusions should be based on the overall weight of available evidence. Avoid selective evidence.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. सभी प्रमाणों का भार देखकर परिकल्पना का पुनर्मूल्यांकन करना / Re-evaluate the hypothesis by considering the weight of all evidence. Scientific conclusions should be based on the overall weight of available evidence. Avoid selective evidence.

Step 3

Exam Tip

वैज्ञानिक निष्कर्ष सभी उपलब्ध प्रमाणों के समग्र मूल्यांकन पर आधारित होना चाहिए। परीक्षा में चुनिंदा प्रमाण से बचें।

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एक शोधकर्ता ने प्रयोग के बाद अपनी मूल परिकल्पना बदलकर उसे परिणामों के अनुरूप लिखा और इसे पहले से तय बताया। मुख्य समस्या क्या है?

A researcher changed the original hypothesis after the experiment to match the results and presented it as predetermined. What is the main problem?

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Correct Answer

A. परिकल्पना का पारदर्शी अभिलेखन नहीं हुआThe hypothesis was not recorded transparently

Step 1

Concept

Presenting an altered post-experiment hypothesis as predetermined violates transparency. Understand the purpose of preregistration.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. परिकल्पना का पारदर्शी अभिलेखन नहीं हुआ / The hypothesis was not recorded transparently. Presenting an altered post-experiment hypothesis as predetermined violates transparency. Understand the purpose of preregistration.

Step 3

Exam Tip

प्रयोग के बाद बदली परिकल्पना को पहले से तय बताना पारदर्शिता के विरुद्ध है। परीक्षा में पूर्व पंजीकरण का उद्देश्य समझें।

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