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If Sₙ − Sₙ₋₁ = 126 and Sₘ = 1953, what is n − m, where Sₖ = 1 + 2 + ⋯ + k?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 64

Answer: C, 64. By definition, Sₙ = 1 + 2 + ⋯ + n and Sₙ₋₁ = 1 + 2 + ⋯ + (n − 1). When we subtract them, all terms from 1 to n − 1 cancel, leaving only n. Thus Sₙ − Sₙ₋₁ = n, so the first condition gives n = 126. For the second condition, use Sₘ = m(m + 1)/2. We need m(m + 1)/2 = 1953. Since 62 × 63/2 = 31 × 63 = 1953, m = 62. Therefore n − m = 126 − 62 = 64, so option C is correct. Option A would result from an incorrect value of m or n. Option B may result from using m = 64 rather than calculating it. Option D reflects an addition or subtraction error. A useful memory cue is that the difference between two consecutive partial sums is always the newly added term: Sᵣ − Sᵣ₋₁ = r.

Related tags

SequencesConsecutive SumsTriangular NumbersSum Of First N Natural NumbersSequences And ProgressionsMathematicsClass 9 Mcq

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