Why did the workers' movement succeed even without full party leadership in the February Revolution?

Correct answer: Because real hardships pushed people into spontaneous organised protest

The governing concept is mass mobilisation arising from material hardship and shared grievances. In Petrograd, shortages of bread, rising prices, exhausting wartime conditions, and poor working conditions affected large numbers of people at the same time. These pressures encouraged women, workers, and other citizens to protest, join strikes, and spread the movement from factories into the streets. Party leadership was not required for every step because the grievances were immediate and widely experienced, while the weakness of the government allowed the protests to grow. Therefore option A is correct. Option B is absurd because the Tsar opposed the strikes; option C is unsupported because the movement was domestic; and option D is plainly false. The movement was spontaneous in origin but became organised through collective participation.