Why did socialism become a challenge to capitalism after the Russian Revolution?

Because socialism strengthened criticism of private capital and inequality

The governing concept is the ideological conflict between socialism and capitalism. Capitalism generally permits private ownership of productive resources and allows differences in wealth, whereas socialism criticises concentration of property and argues for greater economic equality and collective or state control in important areas. After the 1917 Russian Revolution, a socialist government claimed to have created an alternative social and economic system. Workers, peasants and anti-colonial activists in many countries therefore saw socialism as a possible route to social justice. Capitalist groups feared that similar movements might challenge their property and power. Option A is correct because it identifies criticism of private capital and inequality. The other options are historically and conceptually opposite or irrelevant.

This is a Class 9 History question. Chapter: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. Topic: The Global Influence.