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Why can the Samin movement be called ideological resistance in Java's forest history?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Because it questioned the legitimacy of state ownership, taxes and labour claims

The direct answer is A: the Samin movement questioned the legitimacy of state ownership, taxes, and labour claims. Ideological resistance means resisting an authority through ideas, beliefs, refusal, and non-cooperation, not only through physical violence. In Java, colonial forest control claimed that the state owned forests and could demand taxes, labour, and obedience. Samin followers challenged the fairness and legitimacy of these claims and resisted colonial demands in thought and practice. Option A is correct because it identifies the central challenge to state authority and colonial rights. Option B is wrong because recruiting people into the Dutch navy would support, not challenge, Dutch authority. Option C is wrong because the movement was connected with questions about land, forests, authority, and colonial demands; it cannot be described as making no mention of forests. Option D is wrong because accepting every penalty without protest is not the resistance described here. The important lesson is that resistance can be open or quiet, including refusal and non-cooperation. Exam cue: ideological resistance attacks the justification of power, not merely its physical force.

Related tags

Samin MovementIdeological ResistanceForest History

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