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What was the deepest combined impact of Dutch forest control on villagers in Java?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Access to forests was restricted, and labour obligations for cutting and transporting timber increased

The Dutch asserted control over Java’s forests, especially valuable teak forests. This restricted villagers’ customary use of grazing land, timber and other forest produce. At the same time, villagers were compelled to provide labour for felling and transporting timber and for other forest work. Thus, option A correctly combines loss of rights with increased labour obligations. Option B is the closest opposite claim, because customary rights were not protected. Exam tip: remember the two linked effects of colonial forest laws—restricted access and compulsory labour.

Related tags

Java ForestsDutch ColonialismForest RightsForced LabourTeak ForestsClass 9 HistoryForest Transformations In JavaForest Society And Colonialism

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