The idea of class struggle should be understood through which tension between capital and labour?

Capitalist wants higher profit and worker wants better wages and conditions

Class struggle refers to conflict between groups whose economic interests are different. In a capitalist factory, the owner or capitalist generally seeks to increase profit, while workers depend on wages and may demand better pay, safer workplaces, shorter hours, and improved conditions. These aims can come into conflict because higher wages and better conditions may reduce the share of income available as profit, especially when the owner tries to keep costs low.

Option A presents this basic tension accurately. It does not mean that every individual worker and owner behaves in exactly the same way, but it identifies the structural conflict between capital and labour. Option B wrongly assumes that profits are always shared equally. Option C reverses the normal wage relationship, since the employer pays the worker. Option D introduces an unrelated king. Therefore, A best explains class struggle.

This is a Class 9 History question. Chapter: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. Topic: The Age of Social Change.