By what name was the Bolshevik army known in the Russian Civil War?

Correct answer: Red Army

The Bolsheviks formed the Red Army as their main military force during the Russian Civil War. Its purpose was to defend the revolutionary government and Bolshevik control against opponents, including the forces broadly identified as the Whites. The colour “red” was associated with the Bolshevik revolutionary movement, so the name became an important political and military symbol. This is why the army’s name is a common fact in the study of post-October Russia.

Option B is correct because the Bolshevik army was called the Red Army. Option A names the White Army, which generally referred to anti-Bolshevik forces, so it represents the opposing side. Blue Army and Golden Army were not the recognised names of the Bolshevik force in this conflict. The question asks specifically about the Bolshevik side, and that clue leads directly to Red Army.