After the Russian Revolution which class base did communist parties mainly stress?

Correct answer: Workers and peasants

The direct answer is C: communist parties mainly stressed workers and peasants. Marxist and communist movements described society in terms of classes and claimed to fight exploitation and unequal privilege. In the Russian context, industrial workers and poor peasants were presented as the social groups whose interests needed political protection and whose participation could transform society. Step by step, identify the ideology, identify the groups facing exploitation, and then select workers and peasants. Option C is correct because it names the central class base of communist mobilisation. Option A is wrong because royal families and nobles belonged to the privileged ruling groups that communist movements criticised. Option B is wrong because colonial officials and landlords were generally associated with domination or property privilege, not the main revolutionary base. Option D is wrong because communist politics did not focus only on merchant capitalists. The exact role of peasants could vary by country, but for this school-level question the standard answer is workers and peasants.