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SubjectsHistory
क्रांति का विस्फोट
In this Class 9 History topic from the chapter The French Revolution, students learn how France’s financial crisis, social inequality and political tensions led to revolutionary action in 1789. The section explains the meeting of the Estates-General, the formation of the National Assembly, the Tennis Court Oath and the storming of the Bastille. It also introduces popular uprisings in Paris and the countryside, showing how ordinary people became central to the revolution’s course.
Correct answer: C. Balance of order and revolution through citizen militia
Explanation: Lafayette played a role linked with the National Guard. Link him with civic security and moderate revolutionary order.
Correct answer: B. Popular revolt in cities and anti feudal protest in villages were both active
Explanation: The Revolution developed in both towns and villages, although the forms of action were different. In Paris and other cities, crowds attacked symbols of royal power, as seen in the fall of the Bastille. In the countryside, peasants resisted feudal burdens and took action during the Great Fear. These were connected responses to political, economic, and social pressures.
Option B correctly compares the two settings: urban popular revolt and rural anti-feudal protest were both active in 1789. The other choices wrongly describe cities or villages as passive, or reduce rural events to church reform alone. The comparison is important because it shows that the Revolution was not limited to Paris or to educated political groups; it spread through different sections of society.
Correct answer: A. Public anxiety grew and preparations for revolt intensified
Explanation: In 1789, shortages and high bread prices had already distressed the poor people of Paris. Fears that the king was gathering troops around Paris and might suppress political reform turned public fear and anger into preparation for revolt. This tense atmosphere led to the attack on the Bastille. Option C is incorrect because the food crisis did not suddenly end. Exam tip: Link economic hardship with political discontent when revising the outbreak of the French Revolution.
Correct answer: C. It activated people against royal and feudal power
Explanation: Fear of troops in cities and rumours of noble conspiracy in villages produced action. Fear became a political factor.
Correct answer: D. They recorded people's grievances and hopes for reform.
Explanation: Cahiers de doléances were grievance notebooks prepared by different sections of French society in 1789. They recorded complaints about taxes, feudal privileges, administration and political representation, along with demands for reform. Hence, they reveal popular opinion and discontent before the Revolution. The National Guard was formed after the Revolution had begun, so option C is incorrect. Exam tip: remember cahiers as records of grievances and demands for reform.
Correct answer: A. Representative politics of the Revolution was not yet fully democratic
Explanation: The Third Estate was large but deputies were mostly prosperous educated men. This shows the limit of representation.
Correct answer: A. The voice of common people was often presented by elite middle groups
Explanation: The Third Estate represented the people but its deputies were socially selective. Keep this balance in expert answers.
Correct answer: A. Estate based different rights and privileges
Explanation: In the Old Regime different estates had different rights. Equality before law opposed this structure.
Correct answer: A. National Assembly and 4 August decisions were institutional side while Bastille and Great Fear were popular pressure
Explanation: The direct answer is A. The French Revolution involved both formal decisions by representative bodies and pressure or action by ordinary people. The National Assembly was an institutional political body, and the decisions of 4 August were made through that political process. The attack on the Bastille and the Great Fear were examples of popular action and mass pressure in the city and countryside. Option A correctly pairs these two kinds of events. Option B is wrong because the Bastille attack and the Great Fear were not orders issued only by the king. Option C is wrong because the National Assembly was not a Church council; it represented a political change. Option D is wrong because the 4 August decisions directly responded to peasant unrest and attacked feudal privileges. Exam cue: distinguish decisions made in an assembly from action taken in streets and villages.
Correct answer: A. From constitutional pledge to principles of civic rights
Explanation: Tennis Court gave the constitutional pledge and the Declaration laid the rights base. Understand both order and meaning.
Correct answer: A. By attacking the Bastille, a symbol of royal repression and arbitrary arrests, the people openly challenged the authority of the monarchy
Explanation: The Bastille was widely seen as a symbol of royal repression, especially arbitrary imprisonment without trial. When the people attacked it on 14 July 1789, they demonstrated that they no longer accepted absolute royal authority as natural or legitimate. Thus, the event reflected a crisis of state legitimacy. Option C is a close distractor because the food crisis increased popular anger, but the attack was not merely about food; it also targeted a symbol of royal power. Exam tip: legitimacy means that people regard authority as rightful and acceptable, not simply powerful.
Correct answer: A. Because peasants, amid rumours, attacked feudal records and privileges
Explanation: During the Great Fear, rumours in the countryside prompted peasants to take collective action. They attacked manor houses and burned records connected with feudal dues, forced labour, and other privileges. This directly challenged rural power relations and feudal authority, making it a form of rural politics. Poor harvests could create economic distress, but they do not by themselves explain this political challenge. Exam tip: Link the Great Fear in 1789 with peasant attacks on the feudal system.
Correct answer: A. Peasant action created pressure for political decision on feudal burdens
Explanation: Peasants challenged feudal claims and the Assembly attacked privileges. Treat this as pressure and response.
Correct answer: A. प्रत्येक एस्टेट को एक मत
Explanation: Voting was by estate, so the clergy and nobility could combine their two votes against the single vote of the Third Estate. Voting by head was the Third Estate’s demand because it reflected its larger number of deputies. Exam tip: remember this as two privileged estates versus one Third Estate vote.
Correct answer: A. Financial crisis, disputes over representation, food shortages, popular pressure, and opposition to feudal privileges were active together
Explanation: The French Revolution did not begin because of one isolated event. A fiscal crisis and debt, disputes over representation in the Estates-General, food shortages and rising bread prices, popular political pressure, and resentment against feudal privileges combined to create a revolutionary situation. Therefore, option A is the most balanced explanation. The storming of the Bastille was highly significant symbolically, but the number of prisoners held there was not the cause of the Revolution. Exam tip: In a question asking for the ‘most balanced’ explanation, prefer a factually supported multi-causal answer over a single-cause claim.
Correct answer: B. People changed politics through direct action in city village and Versailles
Explanation: Bastille the Great Fear and Versailles march show people's active role. Treat people as a driving force of the Revolution.
Correct answer: A. Fiscal crisis of monarchy representative claims and popular action together challenged the old regime
Explanation: The Old Regime was attacked from many directions. In expert answers write finance politics society and people together.
Correct answer: B. The king had become dependent on representative approval in financial crisis
Explanation: The treasury was weak and new taxes needed support. Exam tip: link financial cause with political crisis.
Correct answer: A. Each estate got one vote
Explanation: In voting by estate the first two estates could overrule the Third. Exam tip: distinguish numbers from voting power.
Correct answer: C. Shift from birth-based estate to citizen representation
Explanation: The Third Estate wanted representation based on numbers. Exam tip: connect it with democratic thinking.
Correct answer: D. The will of the nation can be expressed through representatives
Explanation: The declaration of the National Assembly claimed national representation. Exam tip: connect it with sovereignty.
Correct answer: B. He was noble by birth yet spoke for the Third Estate
Explanation: Mirabeau showed that political stance mattered beyond birth. Exam tip: distinguish social background and role.
Correct answer: C. The main basis of the nation
Explanation: Sieyes described the national importance of the Third Estate. Exam tip: connect the pamphlet with the representation debate.
Correct answer: D. They gave written form to people's grievances and reform demands
Explanation: Cahiers brought local discontent into politics. Exam tip: connect them with grievance and representation.
Correct answer: A. When the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly
Explanation: The National Assembly declaration asked who speaks for the nation. Exam tip: write the shift from tax debate to national debate.
