What change came in Russia's international position through the March 1918 Treaty of Brest Litovsk?

Correct answer: Russia withdrew from the First World War

The direct answer is A: Russia withdrew from the First World War through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. The sequence is important. The Bolsheviks had promised peace during the 1917 Revolution. After taking power, they negotiated with the Central Powers, and the treaty ended Russia’s participation in the war, although Russia had to accept severe territorial and political losses. Thus the treaty changed Russia’s international position from a belligerent power to a country that had left the war and was pursuing the Bolshevik peace policy. A is correct. B is wrong because Russia did not rule Germany; Germany was a negotiating opponent. C is wrong because Britain did not become a Russian colony. D is wrong because Russia did not ask France to restore a monarchy. The treaty should be remembered as a costly peace settlement and Russia’s exit from the First World War. Memory cue: Brest-Litovsk means Bolshevik peace and Russian withdrawal from the war.