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SubjectsHistory
रूसी क्रांति
In this Class 9 History topic from “Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution,” students learn how inequality, Tsarist autocracy, workers’ hardships and the First World War created unrest in Russia. The topic traces the 1905 Revolution, the February Revolution that ended the monarchy, and the October Revolution led by the Bolsheviks under Lenin. It also explains the ideas of socialism, the formation of a socialist state, and the revolution’s effects on Russia and the wider world.
Correct answer: A. Because it changed land industry class relations and the role of the state
Explanation: The Revolution tried to change both society and economy. Exam tip: write it as an example of broad change.
Correct answer: B. The Tsar had to allow reforms and the Duma
Explanation: Under pressure in 1905 the Tsar promised a representative body. Exam tip: connect 1905 with limited reforms.
Correct answer: A. It was linked with the village communal land system
Explanation: Mir was connected with peasant community and land distribution. Exam tip: treat it as a feature of rural Russia.
Correct answer: B. Long working hours and low wages continued
Explanation: Workers suffered from harsh conditions and fewer rights. Exam tip: connect industrial unrest with the background of revolution.
Correct answer: A. It gave importance to the peasants' land question
Explanation: The direct answer is Option A: the Socialist Revolutionary Party gave importance to the peasants’ land question. In Russia, most peasants depended on land for food and livelihood, but much land was controlled by landlords, the Church, or the state. The SRs supported the peasants’ demand for land redistribution and therefore gained support in the countryside. Option A is correct because it identifies the central reason for their popularity. Option B is wrong: the SRs were not a party only of large industrialists; that description does not explain peasant support. Option C is wrong because they opposed the autocratic Tsarist system rather than strengthening it. Option D is wrong because removing workers from villages was not their main programme and has no connection with their land policy. Exam cue: connect the SRs with peasants, land, and redistribution.
Correct answer: C. Bolsheviks wanted a disciplined small party and Mensheviks wanted a broad party
Explanation: The organisational dispute concerned who should be a member of the revolutionary party and how tightly the party should be organised. Lenin’s Bolsheviks favoured a relatively small, disciplined and closely coordinated party of committed professional revolutionaries. The Mensheviks preferred a broader party with a larger membership and a less restrictive structure, believing that a wider workers’ organisation was more appropriate. Both groups were socialist and opposed the Tsarist system, so the difference was not that one merely advised the Tsar or that both abandoned politics. Option C accurately states the main organisational contrast.
Correct answer: C. The idea of the Tsar as a kind father weakened
Explanation: Firing on a peaceful procession damaged the Tsar's image. Exam tip: treat Bloody Sunday as an event of broken trust.
Correct answer: B. The Tsar could control and dissolve the Duma
Explanation: The Duma was created as an elected representative assembly after the 1905 Revolution, but it did not possess full democratic authority. The Tsar retained extensive powers, including control over ministers, influence over the electoral system, and the ability to dismiss or dissolve the Duma. Its sessions and decisions were therefore subject to autocratic control, and repeated dissolutions weakened parliamentary development. Option A says the opposite of the historical situation. The Duma neither made peasants kings nor represented a foreign government. Option B correctly explains why its formation did not produce a strong democracy.
Correct answer: A. It increased food crisis military defeats and unrest
Explanation: The war deepened economic and social crisis. Exam tip: treat the war as a major background to 1917.
Correct answer: A. It made daily life difficult in cities
Explanation: Bread shortage forced common people to come to the streets. Exam tip: connect bread with the demand of the February Revolution.
Correct answer: A. It helped spread the movement in Petrograd
Explanation: Women workers' strike was important at the beginning of the February movement. Exam tip: remember women's active role.
Correct answer: A. Because it broke the Tsar's power to suppress
Explanation: When army support was lost Tsarism became weak. Exam tip: connect soldiers' mutiny with change of power.
Correct answer: B. Divided influence between the Provisional Government and Soviets
Explanation: After February both government and Soviets were influential. Exam tip: understand it as an unstable political situation.
Correct answer: A. It did not immediately solve war and land problems
Explanation: People wanted peace and land but the government delayed. Exam tip: connect its weakness with incomplete decisions.
Correct answer: B. Because they called for all power to Soviets and ending the war
Explanation: The April Theses challenged the policies of the Provisional Government. Exam tip: understand it as the base of the Bolshevik programme.
Correct answer: B. It connected with the urgent demands of soldiers peasants and workers
Explanation: This slogan linked different groups with the Bolsheviks. Exam tip: connect the three words with three social groups.
Correct answer: A. The Provisional Government acted against the Bolsheviks
Explanation: After the July events pressure increased on Bolshevik leadership. Exam tip: remember it as a crisis before October.
Correct answer: A. They appeared as defenders of the revolution
Explanation: The Kornilov Affair increased Bolshevik influence. Exam tip: connect it with rising support before October.
Correct answer: A. Preparation of uprising and strategic control
Explanation: This committee helped organise the October action. Exam tip: connect it with the Petrograd Soviet.
Correct answer: A. It was seen as the centre of the Provisional Government's power
Explanation: The capture of the Winter Palace showed the end of the Provisional Government. Exam tip: treat it as a symbol of power change.
Correct answer: A. Priority of ending the war
Explanation: The Bolsheviks considered withdrawal from war necessary. Exam tip: connect it with the peace demand of the April Theses.
Correct answer: A. Russia had to accept major territorial losses
Explanation: Russia paid the price of leaving the war by giving up territory. Exam tip: remember both peace and losses.
Correct answer: B. State controlled socialist economy
Explanation: Nationalisation brought economic resources under state control. Exam tip: connect it with the socialist economic programme.
Correct answer: B. Giving workers a role in the production system
Explanation: The Bolsheviks treated workers as a base of revolution. Exam tip: connect workers' control with socialist labour policy.
Correct answer: A. Because Bolsheviks did not get a majority in it
Explanation: The Bolsheviks placed Soviet power above the Assembly. Exam tip: connect it with centralisation of power.
