The Russian Revolution

Correct answer: B. Because the war crisis, workers, peasants, soldiers and Soviets were also decisive

Explanation: Lenin was a crucial Bolshevik leader: he helped formulate the April Theses, argued for transferring power to the soviets and guided the party towards the October insurrection. Yet leaders operate within wider historical conditions. The First World War produced military defeat, inflation, food shortages and political crisis; workers organised strikes, peasants demanded land, soldiers lost confidence in the government, and soviets became important centres of representation and power. Option B is correct because it combines leadership with structural and popular forces. Options A, C and D are plainly inconsistent with the historical record.

Correct answer: A. It united workers', soldiers' and peasants' demands into a shared programme

Explanation: The slogan succeeded because it translated complex revolutionary demands into three direct promises that matched the immediate experiences of different groups. “Bread” addressed urban hunger, inflation and shortages affecting workers and families. “Peace” appealed to soldiers and civilians exhausted by the First World War. “Land” answered the long-standing demands of peasants who wanted an end to landlord domination. By linking these demands, the Bolsheviks built a wider social coalition rather than speaking to one class alone. Option A is therefore correct. Options B and C ignore its popular appeal, while D reverses the slogan’s anti-war meaning.