Why was the global spread of socialist ideas not merely spontaneous?

Correct answer: Because international institutions, congresses and training made it systematic

B is correct because socialist ideas crossed borders through organised channels rather than travelling only through accidental personal contact. International socialist organisations, congresses, newspapers, translated texts, political schools and trained activists helped circulate programmes and concepts. The Communist International, for example, attempted to coordinate parties and movements in different countries, although its influence and methods varied. Migrant workers, students and revolutionaries also carried ideas across imperial boundaries. This organised circulation does not mean that local movements were simple copies of Russia; activists adapted socialist arguments to national, colonial and social conditions. A is wrong because monarchies generally opposed such movements, C is false because socialist activity spread far beyond Russian villages, and D is false because colonial powers usually resisted anti-imperialist socialism.