What was the deepest similarity between agricultural expansion and plantation expansion?

Correct answer: Both converted forest land into controlled land for agricultural or commercial production

In both agricultural expansion and plantation expansion, forests were cleared and the land was brought under organised production. Agricultural expansion increased land for crops, while plantations grew commercial crops such as tea, coffee, or rubber. Thus, their common outcome was the conversion of forest land into controlled productive land. Option B is incorrect because colonial forest policies generally restricted, rather than increased, local communities’ control. Exam tip: identify the shared effect—deforestation and conversion of land for production.