How should the relation between population growth and colonial policy in deforestation be understood?

Correct answer: Population pressure existed but revenue and trade policies intensified clearing

The direct answer is A: population pressure existed, but revenue and trade policies intensified clearing. Deforestation has multiple causes. A growing population could increase demand for farmland, fuel and settlements. However, colonial governments also promoted revenue collection, commercial crops, plantations, railways and timber extraction. These policies made forest clearing faster and more organised than population growth alone would explain. A is correct because it recognises both factors and gives the stronger historical relationship. B is too narrow: population was not the only cause. C is false because colonial law, trade and administration had a major effect. D is false because population growth does not automatically make forests grow. Exam cue: write “multiple causes,” then connect population with revenue, trade and commercial demand.