How did rising population and market oriented farming put similar pressure on forests?

Correct answer: Both increased demand for more cultivable land

The direct answer is B: both rising population and market-oriented farming increased the demand for cultivable land. A growing population needed more food, houses and economic resources. At the same time, market-oriented farming encouraged people, landlords or colonial authorities to grow crops such as cotton, indigo, jute, tea or rubber for sale and profit. Expanding cultivation often required clearing forests. Thus, although the immediate purposes were different—food for population and commercial profit for markets—both pressures could lead to more forest clearance and less forest area. Option A is wrong because neither development ended the need for land; both made land more valuable. Option B is correct because both increased the demand for land that could be cultivated. Option C is wrong because these pressures generally threatened forests rather than protecting all of them. Option D is wrong because population growth and farming are land-based social and economic causes, not only sea-related causes. The exam cue is: population means food demand; markets mean cash-crop demand; both can cause deforestation.