Which group correctly shows colonial causes of deforestation?

Correct answer: Farming, railways, shipbuilding, plantations and revenue

Correct answer: A — farming, railways, shipbuilding, plantations, and revenue. Colonial deforestation had several connected causes rather than one single cause. Forests were cleared for expanding cultivation and for plantations. Railways required large quantities of wood, including timber for railway sleepers and fuel. Shipbuilding also used timber, and the colonial state sought revenue from land brought under cultivation. A is correct because all the listed activities or aims could create demand for forest land or timber. B, C, and D are wrong because they do not represent the major economic and administrative pressures discussed in this historical context. Do not assume every tree was cut for the same reason; different needs operated together in different places and periods. Memory cue: farms, railways, ships, plantations, and revenue form a useful cause group.