What complex effect did deforestation have on grazing systems?

Correct answer: Grazing land could reduce and pastoralists' difficulties could increase

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Deforestation means that forests are cleared or reduced. Forest areas often provide grass, leaves, shrubs and other fodder for cattle, goats and other animals. When trees and forest cover decrease, open grazing places and available fodder may also decrease. Pastoralists and forest communities may then have to travel farther, reduce the number of animals, buy fodder, or face restrictions on where they can graze. The effect is called complex because forest clearing may create fields or timber income for some groups, but it can make grazing and animal-rearing harder for others. Option A is correct because it connects less grazing land with greater difficulty for pastoralists. Option B is wrong because deforestation does not make grazing double everywhere; in many places it reduces available pasture. Option C is wrong because pastoralists often depend on forests for fodder, water, shelter and seasonal grazing. Option D is wrong because grazing does not become limited to cities; it is mainly associated with rural and open-land areas. Memory cue: fewer forests usually mean fewer natural grazing resources and greater pressure on pastoral life.