Which pair should be studied together while understanding causes of deforestation?

Correct answer: Expansion of cultivation and demand for timber

During the colonial period, forests were cleared to obtain more land for cultivation. The growing demand for timber for railways, ships, and buildings also increased deforestation. Therefore, both factors in option A are causes of deforestation. Measures such as forest conservation and reforestation protect forests rather than cause their loss. Exam tip: In questions on causes, identify economic pressures such as expansion of farmland and demand for timber.