From the viewpoint of forest dwellers, what was the most serious negative effect of commercial forestry?

Correct answer: Reduced access to forest products and traditional uses

Correct answer: A. Commercial forestry reorganized forests for profitable timber production and imposed rules on cutting, grazing, hunting, and collecting forest products. Forest dwellers who had traditionally used these resources often lost access or needed official permission. This damaged their food supply, fuel collection, grazing practices, and livelihood. A is correct because reduced access was the central hardship imposed on them. B is wrong because they did not receive ownership; government control expanded. C is wrong because forest laws became stricter. D is wrong because timber trade was promoted rather than ended. Memory cue: commercial forestry brought timber control and community access loss.