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Whose livelihood was affected by forest control in Java?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Villagers and forest-dependent people

Colonial forest control in Java restricted the customary access of villagers and forest-dependent communities to forests. Their livelihoods depended on timber, fuel, fodder, and other forest produce, so they were directly affected. Maritime traders were not the main communities dependent on forest access. Exam tip: link forest laws with the loss of customary rights of local villagers and forest dwellers.

Related tags

Java ForestsColonialismForest ControlForest Dependent CommunitiesLivelihoodHistory Class 9Forest Transformations In JavaForest Society And Colonialism

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