The Himalayan Mountains

Correct answer: C. Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik

The three main Himalayan ranges are Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik. Exam tip: remember the three names in order.

Correct answer: D. Himadri

The Greater Himalaya is also called Himadri. Exam tip: remember Greater Himalaya and Himadri together.

Correct answer: A. Shiwalik

The Outer Himalaya is known as the Shiwalik range. It is the southernmost and comparatively low Himalayan range, formed mainly of unconsolidated sediments. Himadri is the highest inner range, called the Greater Himalaya, so it is not correct. Exam tip: remember the north-to-south order—Himadri, Himachal, Shiwalik.

Correct answer: B. Northern Plains

The direct answer is B: the Northern Plains lie south of the Himalayas. India’s major physiographic divisions have a broad north-to-south arrangement. The Himalayas occupy the far north, and immediately to their south are the Northern Plains, built largely from alluvium deposited by the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems. Thus B is correct. A, the Indian Desert, lies mainly to the southwest of the Northern Plains, especially west of the Aravallis, so it is not the main division directly south of the Himalayas. C, the island groups, are in the surrounding seas and are not south of the Himalayas as an adjoining mainland division. D, the Western Coast, is a narrow coastal strip along the Arabian Sea, far to the southwest. Memory cue: Himalaya above, Northern Plains below.

Correct answer: A. Northern mountain barrier

The Himalayas form a high mountain barrier in the north. Exam tip: understand Himalayas as a natural barrier.

Correct answer: C. Himadri

The direct answer is C: the highest Himalayan peaks are mainly associated with Himadri. Himadri is the Great Himalaya or Inner Himalaya, the northernmost major range in the usual north-to-south classification. It has the greatest elevation, contains many permanently snow-covered peaks, and includes famous high summits. A, Shiwalik, is the outer and lowest range, so it does not contain the main highest peaks. B, Terai, is a wet belt along the foothills south of the Shiwalik, not a high mountain range. D, Dun, refers to longitudinal valleys between Himalayan ranges, so it is a valley feature rather than the range of highest peaks. Therefore C is the only suitable answer. Memory cue: highest peaks and permanent snow point to Himadri.

Correct answer: D. Two thousand four hundred kilometres

The direct answer is D, about 2,400 kilometres. The Himalayas form a long arc along the northern edge of the Indian subcontinent. In school geography, their approximate east–west length is given as 2,400 km. A, 400 km, is far too short and cannot describe the whole Himalayan arc. B, 900 km, is also much shorter than the accepted approximate length. C, 1,000 km, remains less than half of the usual figure, so it is not suitable. D, 2,400 km, is the standard textbook estimate and is therefore the best answer even though the real measured length can vary slightly according to the exact endpoints and method of measurement. The word ‘approximately’ is important: the question is testing a remembered geographical estimate, not a measurement to the last kilometre. Memory cue: the Himalayan arc is roughly 2.4 thousand kilometres long.

Correct answer: A. Indus and Brahmaputra

The Himalayas extend from Indus in the west to Brahmaputra in the east. Exam tip: remember both rivers as boundary clues.

Correct answer: B. Himachal

The Himachal range is also known as the Middle Himalaya or Lesser Himalaya. It lies south of Himadri (the Great Himalaya) and north of the Shivalik range. Himadri is the highest northern range, whereas Shivalik is the southernmost outer range. Exam tip: remember the order—Himadri, Himachal, Shivalik.

Correct answer: B. Himachal and Shiwalik

Dun valleys are found between Himachal and Shiwalik. Exam tip: remember Dehra Dun as an example.

Correct answer: B. Middle Himalaya

Kashmir Valley is linked with the Middle Himalaya region. Exam tip: connect Kashmir, Kangra and Kullu valleys with Himachal region.

Correct answer: A. Himachal

Kangra and Kullu valleys are linked with the Middle Himalaya or Himachal range. Exam tip: connect famous valleys with Himachal.

Correct answer: A. Kashmir

The Himalayas are wider in Kashmir and narrower in Arunachal. Exam tip: remember the variation in width.

Correct answer: A. West to east

The width of the Himalayas decreases from west to east. Exam tip: remember the width comparison of Kashmir and Arunachal.

Correct answer: A. Young high fold mountains

The Himalayas are classified as young fold mountains. They formed relatively recently in geological history when tectonic plates moved toward each other and compressed layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure folded and uplifted those layers, producing high, rugged ranges. Their great height, steep slopes, deep valleys, and continuing tectonic activity are linked to this young fold structure. “Young” refers to geological age, not to the age of individual rocks in a simple everyday sense.

Option A is correct because it combines both defining ideas: the Himalayas are high and folded, and they are geologically young. Option B describes plains, option C describes a type of island, and option D describes a desert; none explains the Himalayan structure. Thus the supplied answer and explanation correctly connect height with a young folded mountain system.

Correct answer: A. Himadri

Himadri, also called the Greater or Inner Himalayas, is the highest and most permanently snow-covered Himalayan range. It includes many very high peaks. Himachal lies south of Himadri at a lower elevation, while Shiwalik is the outermost range; Terai is not a mountain range but a marshy belt south of the Shiwaliks. Exam tip: remember the order—Himadri, Himachal, Shiwalik.

Correct answer: C. Brahmaputra

Brahmaputra is an important boundary clue for the eastern part of the Himalayas. Exam tip: connect eastern end with Brahmaputra.

Correct answer: A. Indus

Indus is a major river linked with the western extent of the Himalayas. Exam tip: remember Indus for the western boundary clue.

Correct answer: A. Himadri, Himachal, Shiwalik

From north to south the Himalayan ranges are Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik. Exam tip: do not reverse the order.

Correct answer: A. Terai

Terai is the moist belt found south of Shiwalik. Exam tip: also connect Terai with south of Bhabar.

Correct answer: A. Foothills of the Himalayas

Bhabar is a pebble-gravel belt at the foothills of the Himalayas. Exam tip: connect Bhabar with foothills.

Correct answer: A. Himadri

The direct answer is A: Himadri. The Himalayas are commonly divided into three parallel ranges. Himadri, or the Greater Himalayas, is the northernmost and highest range. It contains many very high peaks and remains snow-covered for much of the year; important glaciers originate there. Option A is correct because permanent snow and glaciers are chiefly associated with this highest range. Option B, Shiwalik, is the outer and lowest Himalayan range, made largely of loose sediments, so it is not the main glacier zone. Option C, Terai, is a wet, forested belt south of the foothills, not a high mountain range. Option D, Dun, means a longitudinal valley between Himalayan ranges, not a high snowy range. Exam cue: when the question mentions the highest peaks, snowfields or glaciers, connect them with Himadri or the Greater Himalayas.

Correct answer: B. Shiwalik

Shiwalik is the lower outer range of the Himalayas. Exam tip: remember Shiwalik as outer and southern range.

Correct answer: A. Brahmaputra

Near Brahmaputra, the Himalayas bend southward. Exam tip: connect the eastern bend with Brahmaputra.

Correct answer: A. Purvanchal

After the eastern bend of the Himalayas, Purvanchal hills occur. Exam tip: connect Purvanchal with north-eastern India.