Which full chain of institutional working is illustrated by the Mandal Commission example?

Correct answer: Commission recommendation, government decision, official order, public debate, and judicial review.

Correct answer: A. In the textbook’s Mandal example, the Second Backward Classes Commission submitted its report in 1980. The Union government issued an Office Memorandum on 13 August 1990 to implement its recommendation on reservations. The decision then prompted public and parliamentary debate and was challenged in court; the Supreme Court gave its judgment in 1992. The example shows how recommendations, executive action, debate, and judicial review can all form part of a major policy decision.