What can be considered the biggest institutional effect of rights in a democracy?

Correct answer: They make institutions accountable to citizens' rights

Direct answer: A is correct. Institutions such as the legislature, executive, police, and courts exercise public power, so rights give citizens a standard against which that power can be judged. The process is: a right sets a limit and a protection; an institution must act within that limit; citizens can question violations; and a competent authority or court may provide a remedy. This makes institutions accountable rather than unlimited. A states the central institutional effect. B is wrong because rights are intended to prevent institutions from becoming superior to the people in an unchecked way. C is wrong because rights support the role of courts in protecting constitutional guarantees; they do not make courts powerless. D is wrong because enforceable rights make the Constitution meaningful, not merely symbolic. Accountability does not mean that every official decision is invalid or that institutions cannot function; it means their power must be exercised lawfully and respectfully. Memory cue: rights are a constitutional check on public power.