Appointment of independent observers is an institutional solution to which problem?

Correct answer: Possibility of bias and irregularity in the election process

The correct answer is A: independent observers help address the risk of bias, pressure, and irregularity during an election. An observer is expected to watch the process impartially, examine whether rules are being followed, and report problems to the authorised election authorities. This creates oversight, especially where a candidate or local official might otherwise influence the process without scrutiny. The observer does not decide which party should win; the purpose is to increase transparency and confidence in the procedure. B is wrong because election observers are not appointed to change voters' incomes. C is wrong because monitoring an election does not extend Parliament's constitutional term. D is wrong because observers do not merge political parties. A is correct because it identifies the institutional problem—possible unfair conduct—and the institutional remedy—independent monitoring. Memory cue: an independent observer watches the process, not the voters' political choice.