Rule of law and respect for rights

Direct answer: A is correct because ignoring constitutional rules weakens the rule of law. The rule of law means that government officials and citizens are subject to known laws, and public power cannot be used purely according to personal will. If constitutional limits are ignored, authorities may act arbitrarily, institutions may lose independence, and citizens’ rights may become insecure. B is wrong because democracy does not automatically become stronger when rules are disobeyed. C is wrong because ignoring rules can put rights at risk rather than always protecting them. D is wrong because disobedience does not make government transparent. Constitutional obedience supports accountability, predictable government and peaceful correction of mistakes. Memory cue: without constitutional rules, power can become personal and arbitrary.

Correct answer: A, because political equality would be violated. Democracy is based on the principle that all eligible adult citizens should have an equal political voice. If wealth decides who may vote, poor citizens are denied participation even though government decisions affect them too. The principle is often expressed as “one person, one vote, one value”: each eligible voter’s vote should carry equal political weight. B is wrong because easy counting cannot make an unequal election democratic. C is wrong because the amount of campaigning does not decide whether citizens have equal voting rights. D is wrong because the number of candidates is separate from the basic right to participate. A democratic system must not give greater political power simply because a person is rich. Memory cue: equal citizenship means equal voting value.