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SubjectsPhysics
वैद्युतस्थैतिक विभव और विभव ऊर्जा
In this Class 12 Physics topic from Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, students learn how electric potential describes the work done per unit charge in bringing a test charge from infinity, and how potential difference relates to energy transfer in an electric field. The topic covers potential due to point charges and charge systems, superposition, equipotential surfaces, and the potential energy of charges. Students also connect potential with electric field and build the foundation needed to understand capacitance and capacitors.
TOPIC PRACTICE
Up to 4 questions from this page. Select your focus, then start.
For a dipole in a uniform field, potential energy is U = −pE cos θ, where θ is measured from the field direction. In the perpendicular arrangement, θ = 90° and cos 90° = 0. Therefore U = 0, provided the usual reference is used and the field is uniform. This is neither the minimum nor maximum energy; it lies between the parallel and antiparallel values.
The potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform field is U = −pE cos θ, where θ is the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field. Therefore the cosine of the angle appears directly. The sine function belongs to the torque expression τ = pE sin θ, which is a different physical quantity. Tangent does not occur in either standard relation here.
The governing equation is U = −pE cos θ. In the perpendicular position, the angle between the dipole moment and the electric field is 90°, and cos 90° = 0. Consequently U = −(9)(2)(0) = 0 J. Option C is correct. The values ±18 J would correspond to parallel or antiparallel orientations, while 9 J does not follow from the relation.
The dipole potential energy in a uniform electric field is U = −pE cos θ. For an obtuse angle, 90° < θ < 180°, the cosine is negative. The negative sign already present in the formula therefore changes the result to a positive value. At 90° the energy is zero, and for an acute angle it is negative, so the obtuse-angle case is distinctly positive.
QUIZ COMPLETE
